Marcus James Essays - Let Go, Boi, , Term Papers

Marcus James Preface I chose a dramatic piece, it is a play follows a group of office workers who complain about their life at work while on a lunch hour, the boss comes in and then they try to explain to him their situations. The purpose of this piece is to explain to others some of the effects of using technology in the workplace. I chose this genre because I wanted to present the research in a re latable yet informative manner. I thought a play would real ly grasp the reader's attention, through the use of dialect. I was inspired to write this piece because of the nature of the genre and how easy it is to read and follow a play about any specific topic. This piece would most likely appeal to adults who are already working in the workplace, or it can also appeal to students in secondary school who are preparing to go out into the working world. Finally, a piece like this wo uld most likely be found in an online article or in an office circular. In this way it will reach the adult audience or anyone else who plans to work in an office environment in the future. Word Count: 199 words Reflective "Office Woes" Four workers are chatting in the lunch room over a lunch hour, they begin to discuss the problems they are having in the workplace and how they relate to the technology they use every day. Enter Bill, Stan, Josh and Tom into the lunch room Stan: Aye Josh you finish dah project as yet boi . Josh : No boi, my back rel hurtin' meh, I cyah function for the rest of de day . Bill: Daiz cause every day so we hunching over de damn computers and dem boi, dis sitting down staring at the computer whole day go be rel bad for us in the future . Tom: Bill what stupidness you talking; I working with ah computer for nearly ten years now and I doh have no problems . Stan: Is true what he saying boi Tom, watch how you had to get glasses, I was reading ah article about how watching de computer screen for so long does ruin your vision . Bill: A h next ting that could happen is we get rel stressed out boi, watch how Stan sprout bout 50 grey hair in de last couple months boi . Josh: Yea boi I had to teach myself how to use some new program on de computer and I was rel stressed out . Stan: Ah next ting is all these email and ting coming in does be rel distracting, I was trying to finish ah project de oder day and I could hardly concentrate to finish de project boi . Josh: De emails does be coming all kinda 11 o'clock in the night and ting to inno das rel invasion of my personal time . Tom: My neck does be straini ng be too boi, dey say de chair we sitting in supposed to help dat but it not doing nuttin' . Bill: (laughing) Dem chairs as old as my nenen boi! Tom: We shouldn't even be sitting down all day in dem chairs boi, the average human should be getting at least 30 minutes of physical activity a day Stan : Dis technology does be causing rel social problems too boi, if I want to talk to somebody all I hadda to is send dem ah instant message . Josh: (texting Bill on his cell phone) How y'all talking like issa fish market so? Bill: (after r eading the text) Boi Josh ah right here, why you texting me? Tom: An' yuh see how dey catch Jerry de other day boi, he was doing some hacking or something so on his computer trying to transfer all the business earnings to his bank account . Stan: Steups! Technology could make it rel easy to tief boi . Bill: I was even readin' dis article about how some study showed that the exposure to de light from a computer could cause depression. Tom: Boi ah next article say how dat s ame exposure

Free Printable Math Charts, Grids and Graph Paper PDFs

Free Printable Math Charts, Grids and Graph Paper PDFs Even in early mathematics, certain specialized papers and tools must be used to ensure students are able to quickly and easily identify numbers on graphs, grids, and charts, but buying reams of graph or isometric paper can be expensive! For that reason, weve compiled a list of printable PDFs that will help prepare your student for completing his or her math course load. Whether its a standard multiplication or 100s chart or one-half inch graph paper, the following resources are essential for your elementary student to be able to participate in math lessons and each comes with its own utility for specific areas of study. Read on to discover the different charts, grids, and graph papers your young mathematician will need in order to complete his or her studies, and learn some fun facts about early mathematics along the way! Essential Charts for Grades One Through Five Every young mathematician should always have a few handy number charts in their possession in order to more easily solve the increasingly difficult equations presented in first through fifth grades, but none may be quite as useful as the  multiplication chart.   A multiplication chart should be laminated and used with young learners working on the multiplication fact families as each multiplication chart illustrates the various products of multiplying numbers up to 20 together. This will help expedite the process of calculating larger problems as well as helping students commit the basic multiplication table to memory. Another great chart for young learners is the   100s Chart, which  is primarily also used in grades one through five. This chart a visual tool that displays all the numbers up to 100 then every 100s number larger than that, which helps with skip counting, observing patterns in numbers, adding, and subtracting to name a few concepts this chart is associated with. Graphs and Dot Papers Depending on the grade your student is in, he or she may require different sized graph papers to plot data points on a graph.  1/2 Inch,  1 CM, and  2 CM graph paper  are all staples in math education but are used more frequently in teaching and practicing measurement and geometry concepts. Dot paper, both in  portrait  and  landscape  formats, is another tool used for geometry, flips, slides, and turns along with sketching shapes to scale. This type of paper is highly popular for young mathematicians because it provides a precise but flexible canvas the students use to illustrate their understanding of core shapes and measurements. Another version of dot paper,   isometric paper, features dots that are not placed in a standard grid format, rather the dots in the first column are raised a few centimeters from the dots in the second column, and this pattern repeats across the paper with every other column higher than the one before it. Isometric paper in sizes  1 CM  and   2 CM  is meant to help students understand abstract shapes and measurements. Coordinate Grids When students start to approach the topic of algebra, they will no longer rely on dot paper or graphs to plot the numbers in their equations; instead, they will rely on the more detailed coordinate grids with or without numbers alongside the axises. The size of the coordinate grids needed for each math assignment varies by each question, but generally speaking printing several   20x20 coordinate grids with numbers  will suffice for most math assignments. Alternatively,   9x9 dotted coordinate grids  and   10x10 coordinate grids, both without numbers, may suffice for early-level algebraic equations. Eventually, students may need to plot several different equations on the same page, so there are also printable PDFs that include  four 10x10 coordinate grids  without and  with numbers, four   15x15 dotted coordinate grids without numbers, and even nine   10x10 Dotted  and non-dotted  coordinate grids.

An audit of anaemia in haemodialysis patients Essay

An audit of anaemia in haemodialysis patients - Essay Example According to the NICE guidelines, published by the Royal College of Physicians, "Conventionally anaemia is defined as a haemoglobin concentration lower than[normal as defined by WHO]. This cut-off figure ranges from 11 grams per decilitre (g/dl) for pregnant women and for children between 6 months and 5 years of age, to 12 g/dl for non-pregnant women, and to 13 g/dl for men."1 "In 2002, Hsu et. al. analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III) (n=15,837) and found low iron indices to be frequently present at all levels of reduced creatinine clearance (CrCl)."2 Additionally, "[m]ore than 50% of CKD patients with an[a]emia were iron deficient, as indicated by serum ferritin 13 g/dl, but that there was no evidence either way for intermediate levels (11.5-13 g/dl) in comparison with higher or lower levels."5 One may wonder if particular medications can cause someone to become anaemic. "Some patients react to drugs because of inherited susceptibility, such as patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency. G-6-PD is an important enzyme that buffers the mature red cell against oxidative stress. In individuals who are deficient in

See instructions Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

See instructions - Movie Review Example Sykes confirms that imprisonment leads to hurtful deprivations of liberty, goods and services, heterosexual relationships, autonomy, and security that attack prisoner’s self-image and produce further produce physiological and psychological problems. The prison warden faces the issues of dealing with the complaints of the prisoners and helping them get what they need to feel better that contradict the punishment for their bad behaviors and the problem of preparing some of them for reintegrating into their communities when they lack sufficient preparation and rehabilitation inside prison and have no means of accessing necessary social and health care support and other resources outside it. Sykes confirms that imprisonment leads to deprivation of goods and services that affects prisoners physiologically and psychologically. He believes that depriving people of goods and services aggravate prisoners because they live in a culture where material possessions define the worth of people (69). In Solitary Nation, prisoners talk about getting more food or more things into their cells, even â€Å"cookies and milk,† as prisoner Peter Gibbs requests. They mention getting crazy because of having nothing in these solitary cells (Solitary Nation). Depriving inmates of goods and services that non-prisoners have affects them physiologically because they feel that they are not getting enough to get by in prison, while depriving them of services that define a citizen’s concept of a good life results to a â€Å"painful loss† (Sykes 68). Their impoverishment heightens their physical and psychological insecurity. Solitary confinement reduces what little sense of indep endence they have because they cannot afford and access many goods and services. Aside from deprivation of goods and services, prisoners also feel the hurtful process of losing heterosexual relationships. Sykes believes that losing contact with females from the outside world only

Biology of food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biology of food - Essay Example Insulin and leptin regulate food intake and body weight, thus consumption of high fructose corn syrup sauce contributes to increased energy ingestion and weight gain. This is because high fructose corn syrup is absorbed faster than general sugar (glucose) and it does not fuel the manufacture of insulin or leptin. This prevents body signals triggers for being full and leads to over consumption of calories consumed. Consumption of this sauce leads to the body storing the excess calories as fat. This fat storage is commonly evident with the increase of obesity rates and other diseases i.e. diabetes in America. 2.So here's our cow Rupert, trudging down to the Rio Grande, then back up to the plains to graze.   Nivanka starts trying to visualize what's going on in his leg muscles. Muscle tissue is disseminated almost everywhere in the body. Muscles are responsible for the movement of materials within and throughout the body. Muscles contain 4 unique characteristics: elasticity, extensibi lity, contractility, and excitability. Each skeletal muscle is made up of fascicles; which are bundles of muscle fibers. Muscle fibers have myofibrils; which are composed of myofilaments. Actin and myosin are located in muscle fibers. They play a role in muscle contraction; producing movement. In regard to muscle movement, the protein heads of myosin cross- bridges connect to an actin binding region and bend slightly; heaving actin filaments with it. This aids the muscle in movement production. Tropomyosin covers up the regions of attachment when the muscle is not contracting. ATP helps muscles to perform their functions. ATP is made by the muscles. The following steps make ATP: creatine phosphate is broken down by the addition of ADP to create ATP. Second step: Anaerobic respiration is carried out; glucose is broken down to lactic acid ATP is formed. Third step: Aerobic respiration is carried out, glucose, fats, amino acids, and glycogen is broken down in the existence of oxygen to create ATP. Energy obtained from ATP is used to reorganize the myosin cross- bridge protein head and liberate the actin filaments. The force of contraction in a muscle cell is generated by the cyclic interaction of two proteins, namely actin and myosin. The free energy that drives this reaction is obtained from the hydrolysis of ATP. ATP binding provokes a conformational revolutionization in myosin that deteriorates its actin affinity and causes myosin to detach from actin. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate , and the hydrolysis products linger bound to myosin. Myosin rebinds to actin and the energy generating power-stroke convoys subsequent phosphate release. ADP is released, and the cycle reiterates upon ATP binding. When ATP connects to the myosin nucleotide location of an actomyosin complex, the myosin is quickly released from the actin filament. Myosin splits the ATP, and the myosin-products multifaceted rebinds to actin, pursued by product release. No, Rupert wo uld not get very far as he would run out of ATP quickly. This is because the up and down activity requires energy. Energy is used in the form of ATP. In the absence of ATP, myosin binds tightly to actin. 3. Fortunately, there's more going on in cow muscles.   A molecule of glucose enters the cell.   Things happen to it in the cytoplasm.   Describe those things, taking care to mention: The following are the enzymes responsible for activities that take place when a molecule of gluco

Mineral Resource in Ecofriendly Invertebrate Powder

Mineral Resource in Ecofriendly Invertebrate Powder A SEARCH OF BIO MACRO AND MICRO MINERAL RESOURCE IN ECOFRIENDLY INVERTEBRATE POWDER: Eudrilus eugeniae J. Anitha, R. Selvakumar  and Indira A. Jayraaj Abstract Quantification of macro and micro nutrients from earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) was aimed and successfully elucidated in the present study. Macro minerals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen and sodium and micro or trace elements like iron, selenium, zinc, copper, sulphur, Nickel, Chromium and molybdenum was assayed using colorimeter, Micro-Kjeldahl method, flame photometer, EDTA Titrimetric method and specifically atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). From the study, it is evident that the earthworm powder of E. eugeniae is a rich source of macrominerals (Calcium and Magnesium) and trace elements (Iron and selenium) together with notable quantities of other important elements, indicating that this earthworm contain potentially useful quantities of many nutrients that are critical to the health of the humans and animals who consume them. Keywords: AAS, Earthworm powder, Eudrilus eugeniae, Metals, Macro minerals. Introduction Metals are nutrients in soil are absorbed by plants, transferred to animals and men by food chains, and finally return to the soil. Earthworms are found virtually worldwide and live in almost any type of soil that contains the right amounts of moisture and organic particles and of various sizes and colors [1]. It has dense nutritional content because of their soil based origin [2]. The earthworm is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine [3]. Although Wallace [4;5] reported more than 100 years ago the inclusion of earthworms in diets of Amerindian tribal) populations little is known about the nutritive value of those edible invertebrates [6]. Extracting medicinal compounds from the earthworm has traditionally been practiced by indigenous people throughout the world, more particularly in Asia [7]. Previous earthworm studies have shown its antimicrobial [3] hepatoprotective [4], anticancer [8] and scar wound healing characteristics [9]. The anti-inflammatory activity together with antiox idant properties seems to be due to the high polyphenolic content in earthworm tissue [10]. Moreover, crude earthworm extract has a thrombolytic effect that could significantly promote blood circulation to remove stasis [11]. Minerals are the nutrients that exist in the body, and are as essential as our need for oxygen to sustain life. Minerals are also found in organic and inorganic combinations in food. It plays a vital role for all mental and physical processes including for total well being. They are most important factors in maintaining all physiological processes, are constituents of the teeth, bones, tissues, blood, muscle, and nerve cells [12]. Therefore, since the drive of animal farmers worldwide is to source for cheaper means of nutritive dietary supplement which may replace fishmeal wholly or partly in animal diet and also supply micro and macro-nutrients [13]. Considering the above facts the present study was aimed to quantify macro and micro or trace mineral profile of earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae. Materials and methods Collection of earthworm The earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae was collected from Aarthi farms, Kondegoundanpalayam village, Pollachi Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. The collected species were cultured under optimal conditions in compost yard at Kongunadu Arts and Science College Premises, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India, for further use. Processing of earthworm The earthworms were washed with running tap water to remove any dirt from body surface. The earthworms were kept in 0.5% NaCl at room temperature for 1-2h with few changes of solution until their digestive systems were clean. Cleaned earthworms are taken and dried at 65-800C in forced draught, stainless-steel lined ovens. Ground the samples completely to a particle size of less than 1mm, and mixed thoroughly before a sub sample of suitable size is stored for analysis. Store the samples in a clearly labelled, airtight, glass or polycarbonate containers to prevent samples from contamination. Storage at room temperature is sufficient, but long term storage of reference material requires freezing. Re-dry the samples at 650C for 12 hours prior to weighing for heavy metal analysis. Digestion of earthworm Weigh 0.5 1 g sample accurately into acid washed 250 ml digest tubes. Add 6 10 ml concentrated HNO3, swirl to mix sample and acid. Place tubes onto a Tecator 40 system, or similar set at 1000C for 2 hours. Reduce the total volume to 1 ml. The sample solution becomes thick slurry. Remove samples from digestion block; allow cooling and diluting to 10 or 20 ml with deionized water. Allow samples to settle (minimum 2 hours, preferably overnight), and filter through Whatman No. 40 filter paper or centrifuge at 6000 rpm for 15 minutes. Run at least two digest blanks with samples. The schematic representation of analytical procedure of minerals is given in figure1. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the micro and macro nutrient analytical procedure Method of mineral analysis The processed earthworm powder was subjected to quantification of macro minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen and sodium) and micro or trace elements (iron, selenium, zinc, copper, sulphur, nickel, chromium and molybdenum) using the methods of Jackson [14] for spectrophotometer (Perkin elmer Lamada EZ201), flame photometer (Cole-Parmer, 500731), EDTA Titrimetric and specifically atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Hitachi Z9000) [15;16]. Results The selected earthworm species, E. eugeniae was successfully converted into powdered and subjected to mineral analysis in that six macro minerals namely calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium and eight trace elements like iron selenium, zinc, copper, sulphur, nickel, chromium and molybdenum was noticed and are depicted in table 1 and 2. Table 1: Macrominerals content in EWP (E. eugeniae) Table 2: Microminerals or trace elements content in EWP (E. eugeniae) The trend observed in macrominerals of E. eugeniae contained a higher concentration of calcium (0.75%) which is followed by magnesium (0.66%), phosphorous (0.36%), potassium (0.33%), nitrogen (0.29%) and sodium (0.19%) respectively. Among the trace elements, iron (1.73%) was found to be maximum followed by selenium (0.96%). Apart from these two micro elements the traces of zinc (0.50%), copper (0.43%), sulphur (0.22%), nickel (0.14%), chromium (0.10%) and molybdenum (0.02%) was also noticed. Discussion Now a day’s importance of minerals is clinical known and these minerals are inorganic chemical elements not attached to a carbon atom.There is a distinction between minerals and trace minerals. If the body requires more than 100 milligrams then that substance is labelled as a mineral. If the cellular body requires less than this, it is labelled a trace mineral. Trace minerals are generally needed in quantities of only a few milligrams (mg) or micrograms ( µg) per day. The higher content of calcium in E. eugenia suggests that this species of earthworm probably has a higher capacity of storage of calcium in its tissues as suggested by the presence of calcium gland in it [17]. The earthworms also contain nutritionally significant amounts of calcium, which would be important for pregnant or lactating women, young children at risk of calcium-deficiency rickets and postmenopausal women in whom there might be concern about osteoporosis and fractures [6]. Earthworms require these minerals for their day to day physiological activities. It may be because they have to burrow or swallow their way through hard packed soil. For in order to perform these various physiological bioactivities, the earthworm must maintain a constant firing (electrical potential) of the nerve and muscle cells and needed for this is the higher calcium and magnesium concentration. Calcium and magnesium have been shown to be involved in regulating nervous excitability and muscular contraction i.e. maintaining the electrical potential in nerve and muscle cells [18]. Nitrogen occurs in all organisms, primarily in amino acids (and thus proteins) and also in the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). The human body contains about 3% by weight of nitrogen, the fourth most abundant element in the body after oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen [19]. Phosphorous works with calcium to develop and maintain strong bones, teeth and enhances use of other nutrients. It plays a key role in cell membrane integrity, intercellular communication and for proper energy processing in the body. Potassium is important in DNA and protein synthesis, Apart from this potassium is important in cell volume regulation [20]. Sodium in EWP of E. eugeniae was found to be 0.19 ppm. Sodium is the major cation of the extracellular fluid which in conjunction with potassium forms the Na+-K+ pump which effectively maintains Na+ as an impairment extracellular solute [21]. Paloetti et al. [6] reported that all of the earthworm (kuru and motto) preparations were excellent sources of iron, having iron contents that ranged from 1050  µg-1 in kuru’s meat to 2990  µg-1 in motto’s meat. They compared the iron contents of these two earthworm preparations with those of some other meats. This means that, assuming good bioavailability of the iron in the earthworms, they could be a useful food source to mitigate the risk of iron-deficiency anaemia. Selenium is essential component of teeth, key antioxidant enzyme and necessary for normal growth and development. It has a function in detoxification of heavy metals such as mercury and plays an important role in the production of antibodies by the immune system. Zinc is an important antioxidant, which records 0.5% in the present study. It plays an essential part of more than 200 enzymes involved in digestion, metabolism, immune response and wound healing. Copper is an essential element for the formation of normal red blood cell and connective tissue formation. It acts as a catalyst to store and release iron to help form haemoglobin and also contributes to central nervous system function. Sulfur is involved in the formation of structural protein, including muscles and hair. It also severs critical role in liver detoxification. Its important function is to act as an antioxidant nutrient and oxygen handling role in growth. Nickel is found in all animal tissues and the highest concentration was noticed in nucleic acids, particularly RNA, and is involved in protein structure or function. It may activate certain enzymes related to the breakdown or utilization of glucose [22]. Chromium helps in glucose metabolism and aids to regulate blood sugar by potentiating insulin and serving as a component of glucose tolerance factor. Molybdenum contributes to normal growth and development. It is a key component in many enzyme systems involved in detoxification. In conclusion, the minerals in earthworm powder obtained from E. eugenaie are capable of satisfying a significant fraction in daily requirements of minerals which plays a significant role in human nutrition without any adverse side effects. References Ogbulie JN, Uwazuoke JC, Ogieho SI. Introductory Microbiology Practical. Springfield Publishers Nigeria. 1998; 70-120. Ansari AA, Sitaram K. An investigation into antimicrobial and antifungal properties of earthworm powder obtained from Eisenia fetida. American Journal of Food Technology 2011;6(4): 329-335. Balamurugan M, Parthasarathi K, Ranganathan LS, Cooper EL. Hypothetical mode of action of earthworm extract with hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. Journal of Zhejiang University- Science B 2008;9(2):141–147. Cooper EL. CAM eCAM, bioprospecting: The 21st century pyramid. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2005;2(2):125–127. Wallace AR. On the insects used for food in the Indians of the Amazon. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1853;2:241–244. Wallace AR. A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 1889. Paoletti MG, Buscardo DJ, Vander Jagt A, Pastuszyn Pizzoferrato L, Huang YS, Chuang LTM, Millson H, Cerda Torres F, Glew RH. Proceedings: The Royal Society of Biological Sciences, London. 2011;249-257. Ranganathan LS. Vermibiotechnology – from soil health to human health. Agrobios. 2006. Cooper EL, Ru B, Weng N. Earthworms: sources of antimicrobial and anticancer molecules. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2004;546: 359–389. Zhang M, Li X, Liu Y, Ye F, Qiu G. Effects of extract of Dilong (Pheretima) on the scalded skin in rats. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2006;26(1): 68–71. Cooper EL, Balamurugan M, Parthasarathi K, Ranganathan LS. Earthworm paste (Lampito mauritii, Kinberg) alters inflammatory, oxidative, haematological and serum biochemical indices of inflamed rat. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2007;11(2): 77– 90. Zhang ZX, Wang FF. Effects of crude extract of earthworm on promoting blood circulation to removing stasis. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1992;12(12): 741–710. Alvarez S. The Magnesium: Importance of Minerals and Trace Minerals in Human Nutrition. 2002;Pp 22. Dedeke GA, Owa SO, Olurin KB. Amino acid profile of four earthworms species from Nigeria. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am 2010;1(2): 97-102. Jackson ML. Soil chemical analysis. Prentice hall. Indian private limited. India.1973;498-516. AOAC. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis (20th Ed.) USA. 1995. Lindsay WL, Norvell WA. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J 1978;42: 421-428. Owa SO. Taxonomy and Distribution of Nigerian earthworms of the family Eudrilidae and their use as possible indicators of soil properties. Ph.D thesis Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Nigeria. 1992. Ganong WF. A review of Medical Physiology (7th Ed). Prentice Hall New Jersey USA. 1995. Murray R, Harry K. Nitrogen Purfication: Pilot Plant Removal of Oxygen. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 1957;49(5): 869–873. Bray JJ, Cragg PA, Maknight ADC, Mills RG. Lecture notes on human physiology, Blackwell science Ltd, UK. 1999;542. Maier RJ, Stephane L, Benoit, Seshadri S. Nickel-binding and accessory proteins facilitating Ni-enzyme maturation in Helicobacter pylori. Biometals 2007;20(3-4): 655–664.

Differences Between Counseling and Psychotherapy :: essays research papers

Differences Between Counseling and Psychotherapy Counseling Theories August 3, 1995 Running head: Coun. v. Psychotherapy Counseling v. psychotherapy is there a difference between the two? This paper will attempt to prove that there are several differences between counseling and psychotherapy. While counseling and psychotherapy have several different elements in each, the following information will also attempt to show the reader that there are some areas where the two overlap. At times this was a confusing topic to research. A fine line distinguishes the two topics and one must look hard to see this line. Definition of Counseling One survey taken by Gustad suggests a definition of counseling where he included three key elements. Counseling is a learning-oriented process, carried on in a simple, one to one social environment, in which a counselor, professionally competent in relevant psychological skills and knowledge, seeks to assist the client by methods appropriate to the latter's needs and within the context of the total personn el program, to learn more about himself, to learn how to put such understanding into effect in relation to more clearly perceived, realistically defined goals to the ` end that the client may become a happier and more productive member of his society (1957, p. 36). In lay terms counseling can be described as a face to face relationship, having goals to help a client to learn or acquire new skills which will enable them to cope and adjust to life situations. The focus is to help a person reach maximum fulfillment or potential, and to become fully functioning as a person. Definition of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the process inwhich a therapists assists the client in re-organizing his or her personality. The therapist also helps the client integrate insights into everyday behavior. Psychotherapy can be defined as "more inclusive re-education of the individual" (Brammer& Shostrom,1977). Objectives of counseling The objectives of counseling according to the Committee on Definition, Division of Counseling Psychology, American Psychological Association are to "help individuals toward overcoming obstacles to their personal growth, wherever these may be encountered, and toward achieving optimum development of their personal resources" (Arbuckle, 1967). In a paper written by Dr. T. Millard, it is stated that "Counseling provides clarity and a positive and constructive venue for the individual to sensibly examine the instinctive-emotional and rational (or irrational) motives which determine the drive, content, and even the form of human conduct." This shows the part which counseling plays in a clients treatment.

Advertisements Essay

Advertisements surround us in our everyday lives, they have become so integrated in our society that there is almost nowhere you can venture without their presence. In my opinion, it doesn’t fulfill its primary purpose – to provide the customers with information about products. Some opponents of advertisements even claim that most advertisers use unethical ways to establish a need for their products thus encouraging them to buy more and more. To achieve that, advertisers use countless means, such as aggressive advertising, to catch the customer’s eye. It’s a widespread opinion, that too much advertising is a significant problem nowadays. It’s difficult to argue that, with an increasing part of the broadcasting time devoted to commercials, they are becoming extremely annoying. Moreover, a lot of them have special insidious slogans that linger in the brain so that it seems you will never get rid of them. At the same time, such contempt for advertising couldn’t be fully justified. Being a mixture of media and art, it can be regarded as a modern form of art. For example, the Night of Advertising Predators, a festival of the most ingenious commercials from all over the world, in my opinion, really deserves admiration. From my own point of view, though having always been an opponent of advertising, I often find myself watching a selection of the most creative commercials on the Internet. I strongly believe that it’s high time all people woke up to the fact, that advertising is not as disgusting as they think.

The Perception of the Self according to Socrates

The Perception of the Self according to Socrates The perception of the self, according to Socrates explains the nature of man and the rationale on which man thinks. Socrates believed that, man is a product of his thoughts. Socrates questioned the way we attach importance to what people say without understanding the principle of individual thinking.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Perception of the Self according to Socrates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The capacity of a man is a product of the self in him; this formed the basis of Socrates argument. He emphasized that; man must believe in his or her principles and should not follow the wagon effect of the society. We find ourselves in situations that will require our careful examination, but we often accept what people say on the issue. Socrates proposed that logical thoughts would be more productive than accepting a patterned way of doing things. The product of logical thinking is a patterned thought which is not influenced by the majority. To further his arguments, Socrates proposed a method of logical thinking. He believed that this would help each person evaluate his or her actions and thoughts based on the strength of logical thinking (Noe 4). Critically examine people’s comment and assumption: The common belief should be subjected to examination. The belief that it pays to work hard or that marriage makes a man responsible. Put forward a reversal to these statements: It is true that the society follows fashioned assumptions. One should be able to find a reversal to these assumptions. Provide a proof that man can be responsible without being married, and show that hard work do not always pay in the end. These reversals to a patterned way of life will help an individual build his or her confidence. There are no credible statements than yours: When you are able to fine the reversals to the statements, you will conclude that many statements and assumptions are misleading. Th is will help you build your confidence in logical thinking. Formulate your statements from observations: The examination of logical thinking will provide the basis of new statements. Marriage can make a responsible man live happily and wrong work is different from hard work. Develop yourself: Make it a habit to always examine the statements of people and find the reversal to those statements. The strength of a man is weighed by his actions and statements; this is the defining principle on which we must stand. Socrates argued that philosophy can be analyzed not only by the elites, but by the common man. The ability to make a statement devoid of what people think or say is a product of self. Socrates emphasized that the human soul is immortal and is a product of different perceptions. Socrates believed that the human soul exists in two forms; the transformation realm and the constant position. The evil in the human mind is a product of the benefits he or she imagined. An individual w ill act based on his or her perceived thoughts which is based on what good he or she will derive from the action (Noe 3). In conclusion, we are what we think of ourselves and we must act accordingly. Socrates provided examples to show that philosophical thinking can be done even by the common man. Logical thinking is the ability to examine each statement independently not minding the opinion of the majority. Noe, Alva 2009, Direct Perception. PDF file. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Mental Retardation essays

Mental Retardation essays My article pertains to the components of mental retardation in human beings. Mental retardation affects many more people than one would think. In fact, about ten percent of families in the United States are directly affected by it. Diagnosing mental retardation can be a difficult process. There are three key steps taken before one can be classified as such. The first step is to have a qualified person administer a standardized intelligence and aptitude test to the patient (IQ test). The second step is to try to list the patients strengths and weaknesses across these four areas: Intellectual and adaptive behavior skills, Psychological/emotional considerations, Physical/health/etiological considerations and Environmental considerations (Arc PG 1). The final step is to determine the intensity of the problem in those four areas, and what degree of assistance the patient will need. The assistance categories are broken down into four groups; intermittent, limited, extensive, and pervasive. Pervasive being the highest form of mental retardation and intermittent being the most mild. Scientists and doctors have discovered many possible reasons to explain the causes of mental retardation. The first reason is pointed at genetics. The next reasons are problems that may occur during the pregnancy, either before or after birth. The three major known causes of mental retardation are Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome and fragile X (Arc PG2). It is a good thing that we figured out all of this valuable information because mental retardation, in most cases, can be avoided. For example we know that significant amounts of lead damages a newborns brain so we keep them away from those high-risk areas, thus lowering the chance of mental retardation. Furthermore, there are new vaccines and gene therapy treatments that can lower the risk even more. I learned many new and interesting facts from this article about t...

Response Journal 2 (ethics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Employment Law Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employment Law Assessment - Essay Example In this analysis, steps that BSG Company can take to prevent legal action from Tony against the company because of the events that occurred have been recommended. This case involves HR issues, as well as, legal issues. First, it should be noted that both employers and employees have a shared responsibility to ensure that everything is alright in working practices and working conditions, as well as, other areas of working life. These areas include grievances, health and safety at the workplace. Employers owe a legal duty of care to their employees (Gennard & Judge, 2005, p, 378). It is expressive that Tony has an injury to mental health because he has not been reporting to work for four weeks due to stress associated with the ridicule he has been going through at work, after he was nicknamed the ‘BSG Smurf†. Therefore, the legal issue in relation to this situation is that BSG Limited has failed to fulfil its duty, as an employer, of ensuring health and safety at the workpl ace for Tony, as one of the company’s employees. Instead, Tony has been subjected to harassment from fellow employees, and the company has not taken any reasonable steps to stop this behaviour, in spite of the fact that this has been going on for a period of four weeks. It is imperative to note that harassment is prohibited both in criminal and civil law (Groenendijk, Guild, & Minderhoud, 2003, p, 181). Employers should guarantee a healthy and safe working environment for their employees is healthy and safe, as outlined in the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (ACAS, 2012, p, 3). Therefore, employers should ensure that there is a code of practice enforcing discipline, which employees should follow. The BSG HR has failed to ensure that discipline is observed by all employees to prevent unacceptable behaviour towards other employees, which may cause harm. As a result of Mickey’s behaviour and other employees at the Guildford BSG garage, Tony is suffering from stress. Fu rthermore, according to the Law of Tort, individuals have a duty not to act in ways that may cause physical or mental harm to others. Tort of Negligence in employment law requires or places a duty on employers to ensure the safety of employees (Mothersole & Ridley, 1999, p, 512). According to Gennard & Judge (2005, p, 378), stress levels that are allowed in the place of work is not regulated or controlled by specific statute. As a result, general doctrines that apply in addressing personal injury claims are used to address issues of work related stress. In law, mental health injury such as stress is treated just like physical health injury (Gennard & Judge, 2005, p, 378). Employers are generally responsible in the law for the acts of their employees, unless the employers can show that they took reasonably practical steps to prevent the employee carrying out the harassment from doing so (Davies, 2010, p, 68). It a high test for employers to show that indeed they took steps, which wer e practically reasonable to stop harassment. Employers are responsible for the unacceptable, harassment activities of their employees, if the victim proves that there was a course of two or more occasions of harassment that caused harm, and the perpetrator must have known or ought to have known the conduct amounted to harassment, as per the provisions of the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 (Davies, 2010, p,